Outside the United States - Bowen Preview

Outside the United States 13 hours ago

earliest primitive art

about 1 million years ago in southern Europe interrupt



the earliest human civilizations
< br> 2 years ago at about break

West Asia? North Africa



classical ancient Greek, Roman Renaissance, neo-classical

romantic < br>
Impressionism Realism



all modern schools

foreign art history of this chart is a big framework, the various countries and regions, all age artists and works are in the framework of the corresponding position.

Chapter prehistoric art and ancient art

(a) focus on control

1. classical Greek art aesthetic features during Booming:

\simple and serene was the great \Classical Greek art advocate idealism and realism style of the principle of combining art, when the building

architecture and sculpture, most perfectly embodies the ideal of ancient Greek art. Classical architecture exudes harmony, clear, dignified and breath; classical sculpture filled with a solemn, beautiful, harmonious, lively atmosphere,

with a strong idealism.

2. and the phases of ancient Greek art of the representative works of art:

① geometric patterns of the period: the end of Peron vases.

② Archaic Period: Bottle Painting \ Architecture \ sculpture

a. \
b. drawing style black and red painted-style vases arts;

c. The typical Greek temple style \

③ classical

a. early Classical: Delphi's Yu who, Discus, spear persons;

b. Classical Flourishing Period: This period of construction and the sculpture is most perfectly embodied the ideal of ancient Greek art. Acropolis of the most representative buildings and sculpture. Pat Shannon Acropolis from the temple, the temple Weng E Ruike

Intuit, Mountain Gate, Victory Goddess Temple composition;

c. classical late: the emergence of new types and old buildings A third important pillar of Greece. Three outstanding sculptor. Head, cnidus nova's 阿芙洛狄黛, scraping dirt Han sculptures of athletes for

products.

④

a. Hellenistic city of Pergamum: Zeus altar;

b. Rhode Island School: Laocoon group portrait;

c. Athens: Demosthenes;

d. Alexandria: Nubian boy, pulling a thorn juvenile;

e. Greek mainland: the Venus de Milo, Samo Thracian goddess of victory.

(b) the master

1. cave art of the meaning, function and inner meaning.

① meaning of cave art: European art was the late Palaeolithic. Mainly refers to painted rock walls in caves deep in paintings, but also, where the relief found in other works. West

northern Spain and southern France, is the cave art of meet.

② cave art features and the inherent meanings: academia has always had many interpretations, some considered to be a primitive tribal totem worship; Some believe that hunting with primitive men to pray for success for the
< br> witchcraft activities; also notes the role of stress. Explanations are based on certain facts, but are not summarized all of any significance.

③ Altamira cave: Spain engineers Suotewula and her daughter in 1879 in the mountains of northern Spain, found a hole about 300 meters, the famous prehistoric cave paintings will be painted
< br> at the top of the main tunnel. Mural painted more than 20 animals, realistic approach, lines concise, vivid, the most successful artistic images full of vibrant vitality to the number of bison strong. Alta Mira

late Paleolithic cave paintings of the European art and the Peak.

2. Egypt's Old Kingdom art classes and features:

① pyramid:

pyramid as a pharaoh's tomb has undergone a gradual evolution. Early Masitaba is a mud-brick building with a low-profile construction; later grand magnificent cone angle for pyramid generation of

. Qiao Saier Wang trapezoidal pyramids of ancient Egypt's first pyramid in history. The most famous pyramids of Giza. Khufu pyramid in which the size of the most ambitious, nearly 150 meters high.

pyramid structure is simple, simple, solid. In the outline of the sky, the great pyramid of body volume and an oasis in the desert together, realize the full nature of human creativity and the exchange

flow, also reflects a majestic, eternal and mysterious times gas atmosphere.

pyramid in front of \

② Sculpture:

Pharaoh as general as hard rock with a texture of materials, production on the follow strict and systematic work processes, forming the so-called \standing or sitting, will have a positive

front of the audience, keeping the head and body straight state. \

nobles, officials and workers sculpture Although programmed using a strict production methods, but compared to Pharaoh sculpture to be more vivid, natural and close to real life. Such as \

③ tomb reliefs and paintings:

both horizontal painting by cascading with the form. Screen size and position of characters is not required under the perspective of treatment, but by the social status of inferiority or superiority to decide; the modeling follows the eyes, shoulder

positive chest, face, legs and hands to the side of the practice. The principle of man be colored red-brown, and women with pale yellow. Such as murals, \sex.

3. Egypt's New Kingdom Art's new style:

art during the New Kingdom of Egypt was one of unprecedented prosperity, in many ways have been away from the traditional form of norms, but show distinct characteristics of the times. This is an expression of human-oriented, warm and calm

, more humane style of art, and specifications subject to more stringent control of the traditional art form of rigid, rigid style of considerable distinction. This time,zero skateboards, artists have more creative freedom

the courage to faithfully reflect the true colors of life. Such as \

4. Roman Republic, the achievements in the field of construction technology:

Roman building techniques in the field of creative achievements made in technology for the arch and concrete.

5. the Roman Empire in the building on the achievements:

① the Roman Empire, the early and mid-construction:

a. Public Building: overhead transmission pipes, Kolo Sim Colosseum;

b. Temple: Rome, Pantheon;

c. monuments: Titus Arc de Triomphe, Trajan column of Merits;

d. civil construction: \

② Late Imperial Roman architecture:

a. Arch of Constantine;

b. Diocletian Palace;

c. Jun士坦丁巴西 Lika.

6. religious art in India's influence:

in the subcontinent, isolation, natural boundaries, alien invasion and the continuing ethnic composition of complex formation of a unique Indian culture. India is like a museum, bringing together a variety of beliefs, habits

customs, religion, Indian art has become a religious interpretation and communicators, complex sense of the content of infiltrators. With the rise and fall of various religions, replacement, India launched a style of art

course of evolution. Indian art is essentially religious, aesthetic experience and religious experience seamless.

India is primarily the religion of Buddhism and Hinduism. 3rd century BC Asoka era, revered as the state religion of Buddhism, Buddhist art from becoming more prosperous, until the 7th century to make way for India

teach art.

7. Japan's representative and the representative works of painting:

① birds to the Golden Years of Age (6-9 century): Wood Lacquer painting is representative of \century);

② Teng original period to the Muromachi period (10-16 century)

Teng original style typical of the times \portrayal of the Japanese landscape of Japanese painting;

drawing rolls: \words painted words \

③ Momoyama, Edo period (16-19 century)

Kano sent representatives of Kano Yongde;

Chinese Painting artists such as Peter Hasegawa's \;

Koetsu Lin were sent up to light to create the Japan and the United States, light Lin's masterpiece \influential is Katsushika Hokusai, the representative of \shape. Dome shape is combined with a simple geometry. The highest achievements of Islamic architecture is the mosque. Towering mosque minaret is a symbol

. Utusan, holy shrines, preaching station, Fountain is the most basic part of the mosque.

Islamic architecture itself is not purely fixed-style, decorative fan Korea is the most complex features typical. Generally use two forms of decoration. One is decorated the building structure itself, with the exposed end

construction method for arch skeleton exposed, the United States to produce a composition, or changes in arch patterns. The other is the wall decoration, using a variety of materials, veneer. Decorative patterns from geometric patterns, animal and plant patterns pattern

changes to the text infinite. In the flat surface, by successive color contrast and patterns, gives a visual impression of infinite change, the entire building seamless.

(c) to understand

1. man's first artistic activities of the time, type and representative of Paleolithic art.

① man's first artistic activities in the late Paleolithic, about 3.5 million years ago to between 10,000 years. Currently found in the late Paleolithic art can be divided into two kinds of foreign

Type: cave art and small sculpture.

② arts include cave paintings, such as the Lascaux Cave, Altamira cave, cave painting three brothers holes, etc.; relief, such as France, \

③ small sculptures in Austria \

2. in the Stone Age art relics:

remains, including the Nordic and Spanish Levant region rock art, masterpieces are \Archer. \

3. Neolithic megaliths and pottery achievements:

① megaliths: Britain Stonehenge stone circle;

② Pottery: sleek, many patterns , abstract geometric patterns dominate. Ornamentation lively and full of change, while losing an inherent unity, and the mischievous shape in keeping with the tacit agreement was 10

points.

4. Sumerian art remains:

① Tamiao Sumerian sites;

② who worship Images;

③ Taurus first harp.

5. Akkad art remains:

① Akkadian king bronze head;

② Nallam Xing Wang Tablet of Merits.

6. New Kingdom of Sumer and Babylon Art remains:

① Gudea's head;

② the Code of Hammurabi Monument.

7. Assyrian art remains:

① Sargon II's palace;

② Sargon II's palace guardian;

③ \

8. New Babylon Art remains:

① \.

9. Persian art remains:

① crowd Stone interview room;

② Persepolis palace platform with relief.

10. Egyptian art of the well-known artistic monuments:

① early dynasty art remains:

\Period Art remains:

a. Pyramid: Masitaba, Qiao Saier Wang trapezoidal pyramid, the Great Pyramid of Giza;

b. \
c. Sculpture: \

③ Middle Kingdom art remains:

a. Mengte He too common grave III temple ceremony;

b. obelisk;

c . 谢努塞尔特 III head.

④ art during the New Kingdom remains:

a. funeral Hatshepsut Temple;

b. Karnak;

c. Lukesuoer temple;

d. akhna swallow statue;

e. mural \World seated.

11. Etruria's contribution to the art in construction and major art monuments;

① Etruria contribution to art in architecture: the first time, the arch structure and Wai columns combine to make the building with a monument bearing;

② main monuments: pottery coffin statue, bronze sculpture, a symbol of the city of Rome, \

12. Rome's main art remains:

① Republic of art during the Roman ruins:

a. combining Greece and Etruria style temple : Fuertunuo? dimensional law Doris Temple;

b. pop portrait sculpture: ;

c. fresco \\

② the Roman Empire, the early and mid-art remains:

a. Public Building: overhead transmission pipes, colosseum Colosseum;

b. Temple: Roman Pantheon;

c. monuments: Titus Arc de Triomphe, Trajan column of Merits;

d. civil construction: \> e. Sculpture: sculpture in the round, like Augustus, high-fat woman, the emperor Trajan, Mark? Aurelius riding as such; relief usually associated with the Arc de Triomphe, Merits columns and altar together;

f . Fayum prints;

g. mosaics.

③ late imperial art remains:

a. Caracalla like;

b. Constantine the Great picture;

c. Jun Constantine Arch of Triumph;

d. Diocletian Palace;

e. Brazil Basilica of Constantine.

13. Africa's leading art remains:

① sub-carvings and rock paintings: St. sheep;

② Nok culture of Nigeria region;

③ old West African kingdom of ancient Ife bronze places: Fay queen like;

④ ancient sculpture of Benin, Nigeria: Princess picture, people blowing horns;

⑤ indigenous tribal art: guard idols, masks.

14. American art of the basic situation:

① North American Indian Art: Serpent mound;

② Mexico's Aztec Art: Pyramid Plaza, Oak Meck giant stone statues;

③ Central America Mayan Art: Uxmal monastery, ancient city of Chichen Itza, reliefs, frescoes;

④ Andes Inca art: the sun gate, Maciu monk City, sculpture.

15. India's major monuments of ancient Buddhist art:

① Sana'a LVL lion stigma;

② Barhoumi Te Fota;

③ Sanchi, the tree of God Yaocha female;

④ Gandhara Art: Katla seated;

⑤ Mathura Art: Mathura Buddha established;

⑥ Ajanta Caves.

16. India's major monuments of ancient Hindu art:

① includes sculpture, including architectural style of southern-style temple: Kailasa Temple was special, rock relief Ganges born, bronze Sculpture Lord of the Dance of Shiva;

② include building carved temples, including the German dry style: Kailasa Temple;

③ includes sculpture,indian curry recipes, including architectural style of northern-style temples.

17. Japanese architecture, sculpture remains:

① temples with Chinese style: Horyuji Jintang, Yakushiji East Tower, Toshodai Jintang Temple, Five Pagoda Temple Room Health;

② sculpture: Buddha 3 Zunxiang;

18. the major monuments of Islamic art:

① famous Mosque: Mosque in Samarra, Spain Cordoba mosque;

② Palace: Alhambra, Spain;

③ tomb: the Taj Mahal.

Chapter medieval European art

(1) key to grasp

1. Gothic architecture features:

① Gothic architecture Features: Gothic art of the highest achievements in construction. Tall, spacious and bright, full manifestation of the religious spirit of the main features of Gothic architecture. Education

Gothic church is the basic structure of cross-rib arch and pointed arch supporting framework constitutes the church, using buttresses to withstand the side thrust of the vault. Stained glass windows instead of the external walls of the church so vague and unpredictable with marvelous light

line. Gothic church is the religious teachings and example of aesthetic concepts closely. For example, Notre Dame rose window inside the center of the symbol of heaven. Is divided into three horizontal facade has, suggesting that the three

one.

② Gothic church representatives: the church of Saint Denis, France, Notre Dame, Reims Cathedral, Amiens Cathedral; Cologne Cathedral; United Kingdom Canterbury Cathedral; Milan, Italy, the main

church.

(b) the master

1. basilica church of the basic characteristics:

Basilica is a type of Roman public buildings, mainly for the hall, the court or market, flat rectangular, from the hall and two side Corridor. Spacious hall, a narrow aisle relatively low

narrow. Hall supporting the wall decorated with mosaics, high lighting a side window, wooden roof structure. This architectural style became a model for imitation of the Christian Church. Church of the Basilica

be modified, added in the hall at one end protruding semi-circular niche as a rear, altar, etc. in front of it. Church hall entrance at one end in the relative. Hall out a steady column section

played flu, along with the people to go to the altar. This spatial arrangement shows the dignity of Christian supremacy. Between the hall and rear hall was added to the ear together, so he formed a cross plane (

Latin cross type).

2. Roman-style building features:

① representatives of Romanesque architecture: France the third church of Cluny, Shengseerning church; Germany Speyer Cathedral; Milan, Italy, San Humblot Qi church, 佛罗伦萨圣米尼 iato church,

Pisa Cathedral; United Kingdom Durham Cathedral;

② characteristics of Romanesque architecture:

Roman-style church has obvious Latin Cross plane. Restored the masonry arch. Form the most significant feature is the tower walls. Outer wall of the church is very simple, no decoration, the roof of a building or buildings

Tower Block. Roman architecture architects invented the \Arch, the church bell tower built

portfolio construction, this is the Romanesque church of the two contributions.

3. Roman sculpture of the main monuments and the artistic features:

① main monuments: the cathedral lintel Orton relief \column \.

4. Gothic sculpture masterpiece:

Simon Chartres cathedral sculpture, Reims Cathedral sculpture, Naumburg church carving, wood carving, \sculpture.

5. Gothic painting masterpiece:

① Chartres, Beauvais Cathedral's stained glass art;

② Giotto's achievements and the masterpiece \\

(c) to understand

1. the main content of early Christian art:

① underground tomb cave: Murals good shepherd

② Basili cassette Church (Latin cross type): Old St. Peter's Church in Rome, Rome, Sheng Sabi that church, clesse the 圣阿波利奈 church;

③ dome centralized church: the Holy Roman Division Stanza church;

④ mosaics: \

2. \Ireland-Saxon \

3. Byzantine art of the main achievements:

① building: Saint Sophia Cathedral (Basilica and the centralized integrated two shapes), St. Mark's Church (the Greek cross type ).

② mosaics: \\

⑤ sculpture: bucket-shaped stigma.

4. Carolingian Renaissance art achievements:

2 as representative of St. Matthew's style of the two manuscripts.

5. Otto representative art works:

① wood, \

6. Bayeux Tapestry from the reflection of the characteristics of Roman painting.

7. representative of the International Gothic: Paolo Maldini is the start-up by the International Gothic style. Limburg brothers and their representatives.

Chapter Renaissance art

(1) key to grasp

1. Italian Renaissance art of the stage, all stages of artistic features, impact: < br>
① Early Renaissance Florence Art:

before the actual three-quarters of the 15 or so years to come, out of a medieval norms, through reason and scientific knowledge, trying to open up creativity in art the situation, so that the phenomenon of living and

scene reflected in the art works, let it be a reproduction of art.

② the Italian High Renaissance Art:

to achieve? Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, on behalf of a group of artists, and further perfected the 15th century Italian explore, to reason and emotion, reality and ideal in the artwork were

got in perfect unity, so that the relationship between form and space was a high degree of harmony, so as to establish the reproducibility of the art, a classic style, to later provided the best example to follow.

③ style Marxist art

Raphael died, a group of young creative artists departed from the High Renaissance ideals and principles of art and discard it this natural, harmonious , a simple art style. Their pursuit of a visual effect

unique, form a strong sense of style. From the works of their hands, often with a deliberately crafted, cold and distant taste, quite subjective and fantasy colors. The art is

like, popular in High Renaissance, the Baroque era before the Marxist art historian known as style.

④ effects: Italy set up by the representation of sexuality with the basic principles of classical art, has been affected after several centuries of European art development.

[Edit this paragraph]


related books

Title:

of foreign art history: Wangshu Liang, Yu-Hua

Press: Chongqing University Press

Publication time: 2010-1-1

ISBN: 9787562452010

Folio: 16 open

Price: 25.00

Introduction of the book Master of the Arts Admission test center fine teaching materials, to the time the main line, a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the history of development and change of foreign art. Is a candidate for obtaining the Master of Arts, professional written exam scores and written test to obtain pro forma book. Book the spirit of \knowledge point.

library catalog of a primitive and ancient art

two medieval European art

3 Renaissance European art

four 17th-century European art
< br> 5 in the 18th century European art

six 19th-century European art

7

20th Century European Art